Guitars
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Many of you surely can play the guitar. Stringed instruments is very much the type and shape is strongly influenced by culture and development of the era. Certainly very few of loe2 who knows the history and development of musical instruments on this one. Well it does not hurt to be loe2 all reading materials.
Guitar is a stringed musical instrument made of wood with some parts of the metal / metal and there are 6 rope / string to be played. The top and bottom of the guitar body shape of the number 8. 6 strings attached to the Pegs or the player who pulled the strings throughout the guitar body. Pegs / player is used for tuning the strings.
This instrument is known. Just by picking the strings, those people just join together. At a party you can play the guitar to sing and dance. While his own sound produced like a small orchestra.
Guitar sound has a romantic nature. Therefore, the song “Romance” is best suited when sung with a guitar. In addition to the traditional guitars, then there are several other types of guitar. For example, Hawaiian guitar that uses a slide system, then there is a guitar that uses nylon strings (classical guitar and folk guitar), and some are using metal strings (steel guitar).
A. Guitar History
Authenticity guitar can not be seen from antiquity. Some experts feel this tool comes from the African continent, where many modern replica in the form of round like a clam shell box with Gut / silk yarn, in many regions of the continent. Other experts find this tool in the form of glass in the relief of old stone relief in the days of Ancient Central Asia and Asia. Materials other thoughts also arise with the discovery of the Ancient Greek vase patterned vase. Greek Strings is probably the first tool that categorized as a guitar. Modern Guitar possibility stems from the Spanish guitar, but different kinds of guitars such as the instrument of instruments that we can see in the paintings at the time of Medieval and Renaissance that there are many throughout Europe.
Here is a place where the historic discovery of the guitar from Medieval times until the 20th century, based on the history and development.
1265 Juan Gil of Zamora claimed the early history of the guitar beginning of “Ars Musica”.
1283 -1350 Moresca Guitar guitarra latina and there in the poem “Archpriest of Hita”.
1306 A guitar player playing in a religious place (The Feast of Westminister) in the UK.
1487 Johannes Tinctoris believes that the instrument invented by the Catalans.
Alonso 1546 Mudarra create a composite “Tres Libros de Musica en Cifras The Vihuela” involving a guitar in it.
1551 – 1555 Nine tablatur guitar books published by Adrian Le Roy.
1600 – 1650 Various types tablatur for guitar published. Its popularity began to rival the Lute (a type of instrument, too).
1674 Book “Guitarre Royal” which was published by F. Corbetta which increase the popularity of the guitar. This book is dedicated to King Louis XIV.
1770 – 1800 Strings to 6 added to the guitar and everything becomes Single String.
1800 – 1850 Guitar experiencing peak popularity in terms of performances and publications. Fernando Sor, Mauro Guiliani, Matteo Carcassi and Dioniso Aguado is the famous composers who write, teach and publish their compositions.
1850 – 1892 A Manual Torres guitar manufacturer to develop a generation that we know today.
1916 Segovia held a concert at the Ateneo, which is the most famous concert hall in Madrid at the time. Previously known instrument can not be displayed on this big event.
I. Developments in the East in ancient guitar
Trust that the history of the guitar comes from the Eastern hemisphere In. There, the archeolog find instruments and objects concerned with it as a benchmark in the world that has not come from the guitar so well known. Among the historical objects found at Babylon, the most relevant are plaques made of clay (1900-1800 BC), which are shown in the figure of nude figures playing musical instruments instruments.
Some of the instruments that the instruments have a common equation that is similar to the guitar. Further analysis proved that there is a difference between the body and neck guitar. The back of the guitar is very flat, where the back of the guitar is attached to the chest of a priest. It’s enough to prove that there is no possibility of such instruments are shaped Bowl-shaped / bowl. Very clearly seen that the right hand was plucked string / rope strap. Unfortunately the number of strings are not clearly visible strings.
But on the other plaques contained at least there are 2 strings. Proof of evidence of the instrument instrument resembling a guitar has been seen; Syria, Susa (an ancient town in the North Persian Gulf: the capital of the Persian empire).
II. Egyptian and Roman
At first, the only stringed musical instrument in Egypt is a bow-shaped harp / Bow-shaped. Some time later, the instrument has a neck marked with Frets, and probably made of silk yarn / Gut neck hung. In the end some parts and characteristics will become an instrument associated with guitars and stringed instruments as well as all the instruments that have a neck, with the method of picking and bowed his head. Subsequent developments make this instrument more equal form of guitar.
The instruments from the Roman era (30 BC – 40 AD), all made of wood that were previously made of goat skin. This instrument has 5 earpiece of a small part. These characteristics apply until the 16th century. An instrument is found in Coptic tombs in Egypt, where are shown the basic guitar shape, there is considerable indentation indentations in the curve beside it with the back curve is very flat. Front and rear surfaces are united by pieces of wood pieces that make up the side of this instrument. Characteristic of this can be found until now.
III. Middle Ages in Europe
The first european stringed instrument which began in the 3rd century AD Analysis of the 3rd century prove that this instrument has a round sound box connects to a wide neck. Instruments of this type continues to use until the period of time. There are also descriptions of other instruments began in the Age Carolingian dynasty, which probably came from France or Germany.
Instruments of this Carolingian or rectangular, has a length approximately equal to the neck, the tip of his neck a little wider and has a small string string binder / Small Pegs. In another illustration, this instrument instrument had 4 and 5 Pegs Pegs in other instruments. The number of these strings together and plucked strings in 2 ways: With a finger or using Plectrum / picker tool strings. Carolingian instrument is not changed until the 14th century.
Guitarra guitarra Latina and Moresca
There is a difference between the guitarra latina and guitarra Morisca. Morisca word brought by people of Arab descent. oval-shaped sound box and has a lot of the earpiece. At the time of his journey through Egypt, most of the people of Africa and Spain spread the main features of the design features of this guitar to the instrument instrument-makers in Western Europe. The same possibility is that the first Spanish guitar is made in Europe. Only definite that the Arab influence in Spain is the beginning of the emergence of the guitar. The guitarra latina has a curved side, which is expected to come to Spain from several countries in Europe. The form is the type which developed into the modern guitar.
Achieving success guitar has to do with the nature of the nature of the nomadic tribes Troubadours. On the way to Catalonia through the Spanish guitar through tribal Troubadours. Troubadours Ethnic European section held a tour and shows, as well as enriching the musical culture broadly and gave a major influence in spreading the guitar on this continent.
IV. The 16th century
Until the mid-century information is important information about the guitar and genealogy has been depicted in the figure numbers and images in relief reliefs. It becomes a belief on the fact that no direct and unavoidable. Beginning in the 16th century, the shape of the existing instrument instrument is a direct facts. Guitar guitar in the 16th century is distributed as The Vihuela from the time of Luis Milan, Rizzio guitar guitarra Battente from France and from Italy.
The Vihuela
The Vihuela comes from Spain, where this instrument is put together four small Vihuela and five-stringed guitarra. At the same time came a new tool that is Lute. Instrument favored by the nobility in almost all European mainland. Spain is a notable exception. Lute has also become one with the people of Arab descent who determines the rules of its own rules. For such is the nobility felt insulted that such instruments are also used by the settlers.
Then the nobility guitarra popularize the same with 4 strings / Double-Strings. Along with its development, a guitar with 4 strings was enlarged and given the same 6 strings / Double-Strings. Rules of the game together and with the exception of the strings to all three, which was down half a tone. One of the famous Vihuela player is Luis Milan, born in 1500.
In Luis Milan in 1535 published a book titled Libro de Musica de Vihuela de Mano Intitulalo “El Maestro”. This book is the most important works for Milan. Recent data Vihuela in 1700 which represents the end stage of instrument development. This instrument is made of metal engraving, Vihuela have arches along the sides of a deep and oval-shaped sound holes. Popularity of this instrument is evidence of the quantity of music that still exist. Written in tablatur this instrument, each line represents the strings and the tablatur Spain and Italy, the top string represents the deepest chord. While in English and French strings strings Vihuelanya on tablatur, its note values showed a wide range of types of notes and get to the heart at the top. These kinds of kinds of notes similar to the existing notes.
First published work of tablatur Vihuela Spain by Luis de Milan in 1535, Luis de Narvaez in 1538, Alonso de Mudarra in 1546. Tablatur Collection consists of the composition of the best instruments in the Renaissance in the 16th century, the golden age for Spanish Vihuela music.
Guitar 4 String (Four Course Guitar has 4 pairs of strings, guitar-shaped body and a flat soundboard, bridge of the lute and the back is made half-curved but not too form a circle. The instrument is sized like a guitar children)
Four stringed guitar native of Egypt, one of them come from Europe and experienced many changes in shape and varied; stringed 3, 4 and 5 strings. Stringed guitar is the most popular until the late Middle Ages.
Guitar 4 strings in Italy have tone G, C, E, A. And his tone is different in Spain notation is G, D, F #, B.
5 Guitar Strings
Mid-day, the existence of string 3, 4, and 5 at the same time began to appear. In the 15th century, stringed instruments with four double-strings soared in popularity. 5 double-stringed guitar strings are first found in an engraving in Italy. The name and type of guitar is the 5 string guitarra Battente which have characteristics the back curved out.
Tuning for this instrument is A, D, G, B, E.
V. 17th-century
King Louis XIV of France to play the guitar and guitar acknowledge it as his favorite instrument. His teacher was one of the famous French guitar player; Robert de Visee (1650-1725). Jean Baptiste Lully was a famous composer at the time. He plays guitar and compose music for the instrument.
Name the name of guitar players in the Baroque period in France have been recorded in history, for example Rene Voboam representing the peak of production in the 17th century French instruments. He made the guitar in 1641 that showed a more guitar-making instruments beronamen. Alexandre Voboam and his son Jean also makes a nuanced guitar of the 17th century.
VI. Effect in Germany
In Northern Europe precisely in Germany, reaching peak popularity instrument; Heinrich Schutz (1585-1672), Samuel Scheidt (1587-1654) and Johann Hermann Schein (1586-1630). An example of a German first guitar that still exist to this day created by Jacobus Stadler in 1624. He has a distinctive arches and plain rear and also shows the influence of Italian design. A 17th-century guitar made by a priest, John of Apsom have a very different design than any other guitar. The back of the guitar is adorned with images of images “Crucifixion”.
European guitar makers of the most prominent are Joachim Tielke of Hamburg (1641-1719). Homemade guitar decorated by materials ivory, tortoise shell, ebony, gold and silver, mother-of-pearl, wood jarcanda. Her work always has the highest quality and consistent. The sides have their work made of ivory with carved pictures of Genesis.
VII. Influence in Eastern Europe
In Czechoslovakia, Czechs ‘Luthier’ attempt to adapt to the guitar type Battente. In addition there are 5 double-strings like a guitar Battente original, guitar Czechs have one additional single-string that used to play the ‘Melodic Line’. Guitar guitar made by Andrees Ott, an expert instrument maker from Prague shows the influence of Italy.
History of Poland represented by Jakob guitar Kremberg, poets, singers and composers from Warsaw. The importance of the work Kremberg also gives us important information about tuning the guitar instrument, is a tone lower than the tuning of the instrument of the present instrument.
VIII. Spain and Portugal
One of the prominent guitarist at the time was Francisco Corbera. He dedicates his work named guitarra y de sus differencias Sonos to Philip IV, king of Spain from 1621 until 1665. But France’s most prominent guitarists in the 17th century is Gasper Sanz.
Sanz learn the guitar in Italy and also the organ and music history. He became the organizer of the King’s Chaples in Naples. By the time he returned to Spain, he published 3 books about guitar music in the years 1674, 1675 and 1697. These books contain extensive teaching courses in improvisation and performance, using two main methods: strumming and Plucking. He believed strumming technique is suitable for dance music. Tuning used are A, D, G, B, E.
IX. Influence in Italy
The main factor that popularized the guitar in Italy and which enrich the literature is the introduction of guitar picking style guitar from Spain. Because of that guitar in Italy is also known as Chitaria Spagnuola. Picking style inherited from Vihuela technique adapted by the Spaniards for their guitars. Chitaria Spagnuola is a common technique in the 17th century and the use of “Spanish Guitar” continues to this day as the continued use of the 17th century.
Two techniques are very different guitar on and Plucking and strumming techniques exist simultaneously in Italy in the 17th Century. This picking technique is expressed in the form of notation tablatur. Strumming of Chords dedicated by special notation developed by the Italian composer composers of the 16th century and 17th century.
X. The 18th century
In the 18th century, an increase in the amount equal to the composer’s guitarist. As for some of the famous composer at that time, among others; Johann Arnold (1773-1806), Friedrich Baumbach (1753-1813), and Johann ChristianFranz (1762-1814). The most important aspect of guitar music in Germany in this century using instruments in various combinations of guitar “ensemble”. For example, guitar and flute, guitar and bass, guitar, violin and bass.
Players player and composer of the 18th century composer
One of the composer is Trille LaBarre, she authored compositions for solo guitar, guitar and violin, guitar and singing. Other composers are: Antonie Lemoine (1763-1877) a “virtuoso” who compose and play the famous with the violin. B. Vidal plays a role as a player, teacher and composer. He wrote Nouvelle Methode.
6 string
String 6 is the innovation that comes from the 18th century. Guitar came from Italy and very popular and very popular. The reason is reason;
1. Guitarra Battente from Italy, which emerged in the late 17th century and the early 18th century, has been changed into 6 strings. Where any strings there are 2 strings (double-strings).
2. In 1732, Majer JBFK create tunning on string 6.
3. String 6 which came from Germany, made by Otto, is based on the Italian method.
XI. The 19th century
In the early mid-19th century, a new interest for this instrument was centered in the city of Vienna. City of Vienna itself the center of musical instruments and musicians from all over europe. Performing musicians gave the initial impetus which the guitar becomes a serious instrument. As Mauro Giuliani (1780-1840) who initiative trend tour guitar for the guitarist. Then the Spanish guitarist Fernando Sor’s famous Romantic-era Spain and one of them and the first guitarist to be invited by the London Pihlharmonic Society.
XII. The 20th century
Is the century of which we become witness to the development of unforeseen drastic guitar as an instrument of artistic expression. Also as one of them a welcome century guitar concert stage. There are 2 basic reasons for the guitar popularity:
1. Preceded by a phenomenon found in the 20th century. The development of revolutionary technologies and the development of mass media communications and transportation that is faster and efficient is the visible aspect of its aspects. Radio, TV, recording industry, satellite communications, transport jet has helped show these instruments globally. Musicians to hold concerts throughout the world in a short time. They can reach a large number spectator audience, not just the audience the concert stage but also the audience at home to watch television, listen on the radio and via tape recordings (LPs, cassettes and CDs), also via the internet. The composer, a player or listener, creating many opportunities to instill in him the interest in playing guitar.
2. Although not as dramatic as before does not mean insignificant. It is an extension, the natural consequences of the developments that have occurred centuries earlier century. 19th Century be remembered as the century in which the Francisco Tarrega (1852-1909) brought the guitar technique on a point of pure art, which has been ready to welcome the arrival of modern techniques. The renowned guitar maker like Luthier Antonio Torres (1817-1892) developed an instrument with a few variations to this day can be recognized as a guitar. Even this important event has realized the importance of the role of guitar century 20.
B. Types of Guitar
Functionality has not been used in guitar amplifiers today. Amplification was introduced to the guitar “Dobro” / Resonator guitar started by Dopyera brothers, Slovak immigrants in America. They found material innovation on the guitar when the guitar is made of metal material and added metal plates (Pie Plate) with a certain thickness will increase the resonant voice that 2 times 2 times bigger and louder voice. This type was produced to play guitar with orchestra music and became very popular in the 1920s and 1930s among the Blues and Jazz musicians.
Later on during World War-2 basic ingredients guitar “Dobro” was changed to wood, metal materials to replace costly, only resonator are still using metal materials.
Along with its development, the guitar continues to experience a lot of innovation in accordance with the demands of the user. But musicians Country, Blues, and Jazz began to create various types of Tone and Sound that can be produced by techniques such as guitars from Bend, Sustain, and others.
Variations of sound are also encouraging the development of Rock and Roll music that emerged in the 1950s. Les Paul was the first to experiment with an electric guitar sound in about 1940. The first electric guitar was a hollow-body / guitar hollow, sometimes in the form of 2 pieces shaped sound hole S-shaped at the front of the guitar body. In 1947 Paul Bigsby worked with Merle Travis to design solid-body electric guitar guitar as we know it today. A radio repairman Leo Fender was the first to successfully mass produce guitars of this type. So there is competition between Fender guitar with Les Paul Gibson guitars made today.
There are two common types of guitar that we know are:
The Pick Guitar and The Finger-Style Guitar.
I. The Guitar Pick
The Pick guitar played by picking the strings with a pick, where the pick is shaped like a flattened round fruit Almond made from turtle shell or plastic.
The difference this guitar is there are 2 kinds of fruit-shaped sound hole S-shaped at the front of the guitar body. Strings made of wire and connected to the tailpiece / end string binding. Fingerboard / neck of the guitar adjacent to and is marked with lines of iron / her name Frets. Frets is a place where the left hand fingers press the strings. Point to make it easier for players to find the notes of notes and play with rhythm.
Since the mid 30′s, Guitar Pick has been created / changed to Contact Electric Guitar with Microphone set up under the strings or Pickups. Then the pickup was connected with a loudspeaker. The Pick Guitar and Electric Guitar is most often used in Jazz music, dance bands and rock groups.
In general, the guitar has a number of strings 6; then came the guitar with 12 strings which is more commonly used in the country music scene. In the decade of the 50′s, came the guitar with two necks (fretboard); a one-stringed stringed 6 and only 12 (as is often used by John McLaughlin). Then there are also guitar-stringed 7 (as it is commonly used by Bucky Pizzarelli), and even appears also stringed guitar 10. Electric guitar and growing; Solid-Body (as described above with no sound resonance, until the sound completely electric) type of hollow-body guitars and semi-hollowed. Type electric guitar like that commonly used in the music arena rock / pop. Types of electric guitar is also continuing with the use of different kinds of sound effects.
Part of the Electric Guitar
Guitar is the most important element in a band. Guitar as we know it today has a kind and diverse forms. But we will discuss this time is the essence of the guitar parts.
II. The Finger-Style Guitar
The Finger-Style Guitar played with the fingers pluck the strings with your fingers. Strings strings are made of Nylon, silk and wire. This guitar has a sound hole circle. The Fingerboard have such Frets Guitar Pick but more broadly. Many works from the classical masters, including Bach and Chopin, has arranged for guitar. Guitar, both of The Finger-Style Guitar or The Pick Guitar, often a favorite for local singer song. A form of guitar music that is popular but difficult Flamenco, Spanish Gypsy dance.
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